Other sterile sources containing isopropyl alcohol as the main ingredient also have proven effective against multiple enveloped viruses. Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers are recommended by WHO for protection against multiple viruses including the coronavirus as it has proven effective in quantitative suspension testing. ![]() Many studies have tried to test the efficacy of hand sanitizers on viruses. ![]() It is harder to study viruses than bacteria. 3.2 Efficacy of hand sanitizers on viruses Another study showed that a little over 42.5% concentration of ethanol was able to destroy coronavirus in about thirty seconds. WHO also recommended that alcohol-based disinfectants showed results against emerging viruses too for example Zika, Ebola, and MERS. Ethanol seems to be more effective against bacteria than isopropanol and N-propanol. The WHO in 2015 recommended 80% concentration of ethanol and 75% concentration of isopropyl alcohol for “disinfectant: alcohol-based hand sanitizer”. Ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 60 to 80% is a potent agent that inactivates all lipophilic viruses (such as influenza virus, herpes, and vaccinia and many hydrophilic viruses (e.g., polio). CoV is related to the same gene beta coronavirus and has the same morphology as the single-stranded RNA virus. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was named because its genome sequence is similar to that of the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). It is also worth noting that in cases where only ethanol is not as effective against the viruses, adding acids can improve ethanol’s performance. This mechanism is compared to bacteria it is observed that ethanol’s virucidal effect when compared to propanol is more effective against viruses of clinical relevance. Therefore, it is assumed that after one of the components is targeted it may lose its ability to transfer from one host to another. All the components are very critical for the virus. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers target the cover that protects the components of the virus. Regardless of what processes alcohol affects, if not many, it eventually results in primary metabolic pathways, damage to the cell membrane, and loss of cell integrity. Therefore, water is essential in the process of protein denaturation. Alcohol that contains not more than 1% water is less virucidal than alcohol in the ranges mentioned above. For effective virucidal efficacy concentrations of not less than 60% and not more than 90% is enough. It is believed that it damages the membrane of the virus and it affects its decoupling and protein synthesis. A common compound in virucides is N-Propanol. Viruses are further categorized as “enveloped” or “unenveloped.” Apart from the structural elements, it also contains a host cell which helps in propagation of viruses. Viruses are encapsulated and protected by a protein envelope known as capsid. Viruses are structural infectious agents that contain genetic material like DNA or RNA. ![]() The review article finds that hand sanitizers are extremely efficient in fight the virus but along with it, it brings along arrange of risks which are outlined in the article.ģ.1 Mechanism of action of hand sanitizers against viruses One of the aims of the article is to study the side effects of sanitizers so as to develop a cautious approach while using hand sanitizers and therefore a comprehensive list of side effects of the use of hand sanitizers is given. The article further dives into a comparison between hand sanitizers and soaps so as to give pros and cons of the use of soap against the use of hand sanitizers. The article sheds a detailed light on industrial production techniques for hand sanitizers and also outlines new innovative techniques that were employed by the industry to mass produce hand sanitizers in the wake of the pandemic. This article provides information about history, types, composition, various dosage forms, and marketed formulations of hand sanitizers. This article starts with the importance of sanitizers as a defence mechanism that is employed by the hand to fight against the coronavirus. ![]() Therefore, when there is such large use of hand sanitizers, it becomes extremely important to study and understand hand sanitizers in a comprehensive manner. The sale of hand sanitizers has increased many folds. In the global health emergency caused by COVID-19, multiple experts have mandated the use of hand sanitizers as a safety measure from COVID-19.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |